The current distribution on the external wing skin and internal components is compared to experimental values. Boundary conditions are chosen to closely replicate the ones present in the experiment. The driving current input pulse is given, the currents densities and voltage distribution are computed throughout the entire structure. The results of the time domain calculations are compared with experiments in the frequency domain by taking the Fourier transforms of the results. Three dimensional frequency domain calculations are available with MAFIA and MWS, while time domain results are available in MAFIA, MWS and EMA3D. Time calculations cannot be performed for pulses longer than 100–200 μs due to the Courant condition and computer time limitations and hence, low frequency resonances of the system could be missed. Solutions in frequency domain also help to overcome limitations of the time domain calculations. Both time and frequency domains are used to better reflect the actual testing performed on aircraft. The modeling is performed both in the time and frequency domain by a finite difference method that can accommodate anisotropic media. A study of indirect lightning effects on carbon composite structures with internal tubing is performed using the ‘ab initio’ Maxwell equation codes MAFIA and Microwave Studio (MWS).
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